Which of the following is classified as an involuntary lien?

An involuntary lien is a legal claim against property that is not created by the property owner’s action but rather arises from the legal claims of creditors, government entities, or court orders. A child support lien fits this definition perfectly, as it is typically placed on a parent’s property to secure unpaid child support obligations. This type of lien is enforced by the state or through court proceedings and does not require the parent's consent, which is a key characteristic of involuntary liens.

In contrast, a mortgage is a voluntary lien created when a borrower takes out a loan to purchase property, agreeing to pay back that loan with interest. A fixture filing relates to the security interests in fixtures and is also a voluntary agreement made between the property owner and the lender. Leasehold interests do not constitute a lien at all; rather, they grant a tenant the right to occupy and use the property for a designated period under a lease agreement. Thus, the classification of a child support lien as an involuntary lien stands out clearly in this context.